ECE 4-1 Optical Communications

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ECE 4-1 Optical Communications
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1Unit 1Download
2Unit 2Download
3Unit 3Download
4Unit 4Download
5Unit 5Download

ECE 4-1 Optical Communications Important Topics Questions

UNIT I 

Overview of optical fiber communication - Historical development, The general system, 
advantages of optical fiber communications. Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray 
theory transmission, Total Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew 
rays, Cylindrical fibers- Modes, V-number, Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index 
fibers, Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive 
Index, Related problems. 

UNIT II 

Fiber materials:- Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers. Signal 
distortion in optical fibers-Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and 
Cladding losses, Information capacity determination, Group delay, Types of Dispersion:- 
Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion, Polarization-Mode dispersion, Intermodal 
dispersion, Pulse broadening in Graded index fiber, Related problems. 

UNIT III 

. Optical fiber Connectors-Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return 
loss, Fiber Splicing- Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers, Fiber alignment and 
joint loss- Multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber joints. 

UNIT IV 

Optical sources- LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency, Power, Modulation, 
Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold conditions, External 
quantum efficiency, Laser diode rate equations, Resonant frequencies, Reliability of 
LED&ILD, Optical detectors- Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time, 
Temperature effect on Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo detectors, Related problems. 

UNIT V 

Source to fiber power launching - Output patterns, Power coupling, Power launching, 
Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling, Optical receiver operation-
Fundamental receiver operation, Digital signal transmission, error sources, Receiver 
configuration, Digital receiver performance, Probability of Error, Quantum limit, Analog 
receivers. 
Optical system design - Point-to- point links- Component choice and considerations, Link 
power budget, Rise time budget with examples, Line coding in Optical links, WDM, 
Necessity, Principles, Measurement of Attenuation and Dispersion, Eye pattern. 


TEXT BOOKS: 

1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 
3rd Edition, 2000. 
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.

RERFERENCES: 


1. Fiber Optic Communications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner, 
Pearson Education,2005. 
2. Text Book on Optical Fiber Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta, PHI, 
2005. 
3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 
2004. 
4. Fiber Optic Communications – Joseph C. Palais, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004. 


OUTCOMES: 

After going through this course the student will be able to 
1. Choose necessary components required in modern optical communications systems . 
2. Design and build optical fiber experiments in the laboratory, and learn how to 
calculate electromagnetic modes in waveguides, the amount of light lost going 
through an optical system, dispersion of optical fibers. 
3. Use different types of photo detectors and optical test equipment to analyze optical 
fiber and light wave systems. 
4. Choose the optical cables for better communication with minimum losses 
5. Design, build, and demonstrate optical fiber experiments in the laboratory.



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