ECE 4-1 Radar Engineering

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ECE 4-1 Radar Engineering
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ECE 4-1 Radar Engineering Important Topics Questions

UNIT–I: 

Basics of Radar: Introduction, Maximum Unambiguous Range, simple Radar range 
Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications. 
Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise, Illustrative 
Problems 
Radar Equation : Modified Radar Range Equation, SNR, probability of detection, 
probability of False Alarm, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets 
(simple targets - sphere, cone-sphere), Creeping Wave, Transmitter Power, PRF and Range 
Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment), Illustrative Problems. 

UNIT–II: 

CW and Frequency Modulated Radar : Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, 
Isolation between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth 
Requirements, Applications of CW radar. Illustrative Problems 
FM-CW Radar: Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics, 
FM-CW altimeter, Multiple Frequency CW Radar. 

UNIT-III: 

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power 
Amplifier Transmitter and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter 
Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Nth Cancellation Staggered PRFs. 
Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI 
versus Pulse Doppler Radar. 

UNIT –IV: 

Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Mono pulse 
Tracking Radar – Amplitude Comparison Mono pulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase 
Comparison Mono pulse, Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, 
Comparison of Trackers. 

UNIT –V: 

Detection of Radar Signals in Noise : Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver – Response 
Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation detection and Cross-correlation Receiver, 
Efficiency of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise, Noise Figure and 
Noise Temperature. 
Radar Transmitters & Receivers –Displays – types. Duplexers – Branch type and Balanced type, 
Circulators as Duplexers. Introduction to Phased Array Antennas – Basic Concepts, Radiation 
Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes, Series versus parallel feeds, Applications, 
Advantages and Limitations. Radomes Modulators, solid state

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2nd 
Ed., 2007. 

REFERENCE BOOKS: 

1. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications – Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004. 
2. Radar Principles – Peebles, Jr., P.Z., Wiley, New York, 1998. 
3. Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles – Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer, 
William A. Holm, Yesdee, 2013 
4. Radar Engineering – GSN Raju, IK International. 

Course Outcomes: 

After going through this course the student will be able to: 
1. Derive the radar range equation and to solve some analytical problems. 
2. Understand the different types of radars and its applications. 
3. Understand the concept of tracking and different tracking techniques. 
4. Understand the various components of radar receiver and its performance.



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